The northern part of the Indian subcontinent is traversed by the Jhelum River, also referred to as the Dhelm. The pronunciation of the river is where its name derives from. It starts in Verinag and travels through Kashmir and Jammu, both of which are governed by India. Finally, it reaches the province of Punjab, which is also governed by Pakistan, after crossing into the part of Azad Kashmir that is governed by Pakistan. This river, which flows through the Kashmir Valley and is thought to be the westernmost of the five rivers that traverse the Punjab region, is the furthest to the west. From its beginning to where it enters the Chenab River and flows into that river, it is about 725 kilometers (450 miles) long.
 |
| Jehlum River Trimmu barrage |
Etymology
Verinag Spring is the source of the majority of the water that enters the Jhelum River.
The Pakistani author Anjum Sultan Shahbaz [ur] provided the following accounts about people with the name Jhelum in his book "Tarek-e-Jhelum," which is titled as follows:
Numerous authors have given their readers a wide range of viewpoints to take into consideration on the name Jhelum. One theory holds that Jalham may have also been another name for Jhelumabad at one point in its history.
According to some sources, the terms Jal, which translates to "pure water," and Ham, which translates to "snow," are the origins of the name Jhelum. However, not everyone agrees with this. As a result, the name alludes to the waters of a river that flow alongside the city and has its source in the Himalayan mountain range.
Sanskrit interprets the name of the river as Vitást. The Nilamata Purana contains an urban legend that is the source of the name's derivation. According to this myth, the river's origins are explained. The name of the river is still known as Vyath in Kashmiri, unchanged from its previous spelling.
History
In a cradle that hangs precariously from the vessel where they are staying, a traveler cruises down the river. The river that is presently known as the Jhelum was known by its original name before 1900, however, the ancient Greeks dubbed it Hydaspes (Greek: Y).
Alexander the Great led his army across the Jhelum River during the Battle of the Hydaspes River in the year 326 BC. Porus, a ruler of the Indians, was defeated there by Alexander the Great. Alexander built a city "on the spot whence he started to cross the river Hydaspes," according to Arrian (Anabasis, 29), and he gave it the name Bukephala (or Bucephala) in honor of his well-known horse Bucephalus, who is buried in Jalalpur Sharif.
The name of this city, according to Arrian, is Bucephalus. According to Arrian, the reason he took this deed was because Bucephalus was buried in Jalalpur Sharif. Ancient Bukephala is believed to have been located in the general area where modern-day Jhelum is present.[No source information is provided] The residents of the neighborhood of Mandi Bahauddin, which is close to Jehlum, believed that their tehsil's name, Phalia, was chosen in memory of Alexander the Great's late horse.
They said that Bucephala was the original name and that Phalia was a misspelling of that name. Mansoor Behzad Butt, the district's historian, asserts that this is the fact. Bukephalus was interred at Jalalpur Sharif.
Pakistan is required under the Indus Waters Treaty to receive a specific amount of water that is taken from the Jhelum River. To acquire first-use rights on the river water over Pakistan in compliance with the Indus Waters Treaty regulations, India is now building a hydropower plant on a tributary of the Jhelum River.
Mythology
Hindu mythology contains a legend that describes how the Jhelum River was created.
According to a Hindu myth, the enlightened teacher Kasyapa pleaded with the goddess Parvati to visit Kashmir and rid the region of the immoral acts and behaviors that the Pisacha people who resided there had committed. Kasyapa made the plea in the belief that the goddess may rid Kashmir of the immoral acts that had been committed.
As a result of this occurrence, Parvati became a river that flowed throughout the underworld. Then, close to where Nila lived, which is close to what is now known as the Verinag Spring, Lord Shiva struck with his spear. Parvati emerged from the underworld where she was hiding when the spear was buried in the ground. Shiva refers to her as Vitasta, which is a more personal designation. He chose to name the river Vitást because he had excavated a ditch with the spear that measured one vitasti[9] and because it was through this ditch that the river, which had been flowing towards the underworld, came to the surface.
In addition to the river itself, the ancient Greeks believed that each mountain and stream belonged to a particular god. Hydaspes is a god who is descended from the Titans, according to Nonnus, a poet who wrote to the Dionysiaca[11]. He is the progeny of Elektra, the goddess of the clouds, and Thaumas, the god of the sea. Hydaspes is the brother of Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, and the half-brother of the harpies, the snatching winds. Iris has a brother named Hydaspes. It is unknown whether they called the river after the god Hydaspes or whether the god Hydaspes was named after the river because it is in a different country. Whether or not the river was given the name Hydaspes in honor of the god is likewise unknown.
Course
The Jhelum River emerges from the ground and begins its journey at the Verinag Spring in the Indian-controlled portion of the Kashmir Valley. Its connectedness is due to the tributaries that enter it.
In Jammu and Kashmir, the Lidder River is located close to the village of Mirgund at Khanabal Veshaw River at Sangam and Sind River at Shadipora Pohru River at Doabgah in Sopore.
It flows via Srinagar and Wular Lake on its way to a deep and tight gorge that leads it into the portion of Kashmir that is governed by Pakistan. The region of Kashmir that Pakistan controls has this gorge. The Jhelum receives water from the Kunhar River, which rises in the Kaghan Valley, as well as the Neelum River, which is the river's most significant tributary, close to the town of Domel in Muzaffarabad.
These two rivers converge in the Kaghan Valley. In the end, it runs into the reservoir of the Mangla Dam, which is situated in the Mirpur District, where it then combines forces with the Poonch River. In Pakistan's Punjab province, the Jhelum River enters Pakistan for the first time in the Jhelum District. The Jech Doabs and the Sindh Sagar Doabs, which are situated on opposing sides of it, are separated by it as it travels through the Punjab plains of Pakistan.
In a place called Trimmu, which is located in the Jhang District, it joins the Chenab River. This is the point at which its trip is over. At the junction of the Chenab and Sutlej Rivers, the Panjnad River is created; it travels to Mithankot and merges with the Indus River there.
Along the banks of the Jhelum river, which flows across the Kashmir valley, are where you'll find most of the major towns and villages.
The lakes Wular, Dal, Manasbal, Gangabal, Nigeen, Lake Anchar, and Lake Khanpursar Gil Sar construction projects like barrages and dams
In the foreseeable future, there is a good chance that India will use the river to generate power. Several water management structures, including the following, are now being built as a direct result of the Indus Basin Project.
With a storage capacity of 5,900,000 acre-feet (7.3 km3), the Mangla Dam is one of the biggest earth-fill dams in the world and one of the biggest dams worldwide. The Mangla Dam was built and finished in 1967.
The massive concrete-core rock-fill gravity dam known as the Karot Hydropower Project is currently being constructed in Pakistan. The Karot Valley is where the dam is situated. It is projected that it will have an installed capacity of 720 MW when it is ultimately built.
850,000 feet per second (24,000 meters) is the absolute maximum flow capacity of the Rasul Barrage, which was built in 1967.
The Trimmu Barrage has a maximum discharge rate of 645,000 feet per second (18,000 meters per second). It was built in 1939 and is located near the Chenab River's confluence around 20 kilometers away from Jhang Sadar.
The Victoria Bridge, popularly known as Haranpur, was built in the year 1933. Malakwal and Chak Nizam are only a few kilometers apart from one another. There is a corridor on one side that is open to light cars, motorbikes, cycles, and pedestrians. It is one kilometer long and primarily used by Pakistan Railways. The kilometer's center is where the tunnel is situated.
The Uri Dam's hydroelectric complex, which produces 480 megawatts of power, is situated in Jammu & Kashmir's Baramulla district. Another option is the 240-megawatt hydroelectric project known as Uri Dam II, which might be located in the Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir. The Bandipora region of Jammu & Kashmir is home to the Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant. The capacity of this plant's hydroelectric power output is 330 megawatts.
Srinagar is known as the "canal city" since it is bordered by canals on all sides.
From Mangla Dam all the way down to the Chenab River, you can find the Upper Jhelum Canal.
The Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal is a body of water that links Pakistan's Jhelum River, which flows downstream from the Rasul Barrage, with the Chashma Barrage on the Indus River. This waterway is situated in Pakistan and is also known as the Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal (Pakistan). From the Mari Shah Sakhira municipality, this location is around 40 kilometers (25 miles) away by automobile.